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He named a best-selling book after a pastor's sermon and was outspoken as a candidate about the value of faith in public life. He infused stump speeches with phrases like "I am my brother's keeper,'' and made his journey to Christianity a central theme of the life story he shared with voters.
But since President Obama took office a year ago, his faith has largely receded from public view. He has attended church in the capital only four times, and worshiped half a dozen times at a secluded Camp David chapel. He prays privately, reads a "daily devotional'' that aides send to his BlackBerry, and talks to pastors by phone, but seldom frames policies in spiritual terms.
The greater privacy reflects not a slackening of devotion, but a desire to shield his spirituality from the maw of politics and strike an inclusive tone at a time of competing national priorities and continuing partisan division, according to people close to the White House on faith issues.
"There are several ways that he is continuing to grow in his faith, all of them - or practically of all them - he's trying to keep as private and personal as possible so they will not be politicized,'' said Pastor Joel C. Hunter, who is part of an inner circle of pastors the president consults by phone for spiritual guidance.
But the shift has drawn notice from some religious leaders and political analysts, who say it opens Obama to questions of sincerity and threatens his support among the religious voters his campaign helped peel away from the Republican Party.
"You can't be using the church just to get elected and then push the church to the side,'' said the Rev. Wilfredo De Jesus, a prominent Chicago pastor who had campaigned for Obama among Hispanic evangelicals, many of whom had voted in earlier elections for George W. Bush. "If the president says he's Christian, then in his narrative, and in his speeches and in his life, that should be displayed.''
The first family's intensive, early search for a church in Washington appears to have lost steam amid concerns about the disruption security arrangements would cause local worshipers. And since breaking with his Chicago church and longtime pastor, the Rev. Jeremiah Wright, nearly two years ago, Obama has not openly aligned with any one denomination or spiritual adviser.
A poll last August by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life indicated that the proportion of Americans who saw the Democratic Party as friendly to religion had dropped to Bush-era levels, at 29 percent, after peaking at 38 percent at the height of the Obama campaign a year earlier.
Joshua DuBois, director of the White House's Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, said he believes Obama "wants to make sure that there is something about his daily religious practice that is separate from the news cycle.''
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